Ideologia

sábado, 6 de noviembre de 2010

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Words and their parts

For most people, the most basic and most tangible elements of a language are certainly its words. " There’s no such word," you've heard people say. Or, "What does the word futharc mean?" Or, from someone doing a crossword puzzle, "What's a three-letter word for ´excessively´ ?” We say that one person always uses “two-bit” words, while someone else exhibits a preference for “four-letter” words. Intuitively, people seem to have clear notions of what a word is.

When it comes to identifying meaning units smaller than a word, our intuitions are not so clear. Though we readily intuit that car, walk, sing, and tall have a single meaningful element each and that bookstore, gameshow, and sidestep have two each, our intuitions are less certain about the number of meaningful elements in words such as bookkeeper, sneakers, women’s, impracticality, fenced, resumend, and presumption. This chapter examines the segmentation of words into their meaningful elements, the preinciples that govern the composition of words from meaningful elements, and the functions of words and the ways in which a language can expand its stock of words.

Phonological: what sounds the word contains and their sequencing (as discussed in chapter3)
Semantic: the meaning if the word (to be discussed in Chapter 6)
Syntactic:what category (noun, verb, etc.) the word belongs to and how to use it in a sentence (to be discussed in this chapter and further in Chapter 5)
Morpholical: how related words, including plurals (for nouns) and past tenses (for verbs), are formed (a topic of this chapter)

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